Afferent Limb Syndrome

Afferent limb syndrome (also called 'afferent loop syndrome') is a complication following Billroth II gastrojejunostomy characterized by acute or chronic intermittent obstruction of the afferent jejunal limb. Causes include jejunal herniation, intussusception, kinking, volvulus, marginal ulceration, para-anastomotic stenosis, and adhesion formation. Luminal dilatation occurs secondary to accumulation of biliary, pancreatic, and duodenal secretions. Clinical symptoms include postprandial fullness, abdominal pain, and bilious vomiting. Afferent limb perforation and the sequlae of biliary obstruction are the most common complications. Treatment depends upon the underlying etiology but often involves stenting or surgical revision.

UGIS Findings:

• UGIS may demonstrate either nonopacification of the afferent loop with preferential emptying of the stomach into the efferent limb (patients may be asymptomatic), OR

• A very dilated afferent loop with delayed evacuation and symptoms of obstruction

• Regurgitation

CT Findings:

• Water-density masses adjacent to the head and tail of the pancreas forming a U-shaped loop

• Oral contrast material may not enter the afferent limb

• Increased pressure at the ampulla may result in biliary obstruction and ductal dilatation