Carcinogenesis

Unlike heritable risk from radiation exposure, some human data do exist to establish cancer risk. Nevertheless, most analyses utilize the cohort of Japanese atomic bombing survivors for extrapolating low-dose exposure risk. 

Amongst bombing victims, the thyroid is the solid organ most sensitive to radiation-induced benign and malignant tumors. Excess breast cancer risk is also clearly observed in such radiation-exposed populations. Statistical noise prevents direct assessment of human risk for exposures below 50 mSv.

The primary organizations concerned with reporting risk estimates radiation-induced carcinogenesis:

Organizations concerned with radiation protection standards: